Information below focuses on propagation and production of vegetatively propagated bedding plant crops. General information is near the top of the page and more crop specific information is lower down on this page.
Cutting Handling:
Post-Harvest conditions for rooting cuttings (Williams, Fisher, Han, 2006)
Influence of the post harvest environment on teh storage potential and propagation performance of unrooted cuttings or herbaceous ornamentals (Enfield, 2011).
Sanitation:
Biosafe Greenhouse and Nursery cleaning and sanitation
Biosafe PPM cheat sheet.
Cutting Dips:
How to start with a clean crop: Biopesticide dips reduce populations of BEmesia tabac (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on greenhouse poinsettia propagative cuttings (Buitenhuis et al., 2016).
Dipping cuttings to start clean (Buitenhuis et al., Vineland Research Report).
General Production:
Floriculture production guide (British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, 2009)
Cutting production and propagation: is there room for improvement? (Lopez, Runkle, Faust and Dole, 2007).
Temperature:
Temperature effects on bedding plant growth (Erwin and Heins, 1993).
The pros and cons of growing plants cooler (Warner, Erwin, McDonough and Mattson, 2002).
Chilling injury on cuttings: What to look for (Dudek, 2014)
Nutrition:
Fertilization strategies for bedding plants (Biernbaum, Carlson and Heins. 1988).
Bedding plant nutrition (Erwin, 1993).
Optimal pH requirements of different species (Erwin, 2002).
Plant Growth Regulators:
Growth retardant rates for bedding plant production in northern climates (Erwin, 2003).
PGR rates and timing for plug production (Whitman and Runkle, 2003).
Getting results with liner dips (Blanchard, Lopez and Runkle, 2008).
ABCs of PGRs (Runkle, 2008).
Comparing PGRs (Lopez, Blanchard and Runkle, 2008).
Sumagic on vegetable transplants (Runkle, 2012).
Proven PGRs - PGRs for Proven Winner plants (Gao, Wang, Heins, Cameron and Carlson. 2000)
Rooting:
Propagating and finishing seven common vegetative annuals (Lang).
Rooting Hormone:
PGRs: Control your quality (Heins and Pilon, 2014. GrowerTalks
Avoid cutting losses by prioritizing sticking. (Lopez, 2018. E-Gro Alert, 7(12)).
Moisture Management:
Moisture management during vegetative cutting propagation (Owen, MSU Extension, 2018)
Direct Stick:
Callused geranium cuttings: Tips for successful rooting (Mathew Blanchard, Greenhouse Grower, September, 2012).
Garden Mum propagation (Yoder Bros.)
Cutting Time = A quicker turnaround (Trellinger, 2018)
Genesis: Direct-stick osteospermum cuttings (BallFloraPlant).
Simplify production with cutting time TM callused cuttings (Syngenta).
Space and time efficacy of different cutting types and transplanting strategies (Vallejo et al., 2017).
Economics of direct transplant versus liners, and unrooted versus callused cuttings (Vallejo et al., 2017).
Flowering
Master Fowering Info Table (Erwin, 2016)
Fundamentals of flowering in plants: Supplemental lighting and earliness of flowering (Erwin, Mattson and Warner, 2003).
Fundamentals of flowering in plants: Juvenility in seed-propagated annuals and how supplemental lighting can affect it. (Erwin, Mattson and Warner, 2003).
Daylength effects on bedding plants I (Erwin, Warner and Mattson, 2004)
Saturating DLIs for flowering (Runkle and Blanchard, 2011).
Daily light integral & flowering of annuals (Blanchard and Runkle, 2010).
Cyclic long-day lighting (Runkle, 2007).
Boom Lighting (Runkle and Heins, 2015).
Managing photoperiod in the greenhouse (Currey, Lopez, Runkle, 2013).
Efficacy of lamp types at controlling flowering (Runkle, 2016).
Lighting:
Managing light during propagation (Lopez and Runkle, 2005).
Replacing INC with LEDs (Runkle, 2014).
Boom Lighting (Runkle and Heins, 2015).
Efficacy of lamp types at controlling flowering (Runkle, 2016).
Influence of photoperiod and light quality on lateral branching and flowering of selected vegetatively-propagated plants (Healy, Heins and Wilkins. 1980).
Propagation with LED lighting (Kuack, 2013)
Lighting young plants indoors (Runkle et al., 2019).
Hanging Basket Production
Hanging basket production in northern climates (Erwin, 1994).
General Plant Growth Regulators
Plant growth regulators greenhouse production pocket reference (Camberato et al., Purdue Ext. HO-248-B-W).
Florel:
Temperature and ethephon affect growth and development of several vegetative bedding plants (Beckwith, Heins, Runkle. 2003).
Configure:
Improving branching and postharvest quality (Padhye, Runkle, Olrich and Reinhold (2008).
Disease Management:
BioSafe ppm Cheat Sheet.
Liner fungicide rotation guide (PW, Four Star Greenhouse).
SPECIFIC CROPS
Alyssum:
Growing tips: Snow Princess alyssum (Whipker, McCall)
Alternanthera:
Alternanthera 'Purple Prince' (Pan American)
Angelonia:
Temperature, Irradiance, Photoperiod, and growth retardants influence greenhouse production of Angelonia angustifoilia Benth. Angel Mist Series (Miller and Armitage, 2002. Hortscience, 37(2):319-321)
Aster:
Guide to successful outdoor garden aster production (Whipker and Eddy)
Aster cultural guide (Syngenta)
Aster cultural information (Yoder)
Comparative study of cultivated asters (Hawke, 2013)
Aster dumosus 'Sapphire' (Pilon, 2005)
Begonia:
Flowering control for non-stop tuberous begonias (Fonteno and Larson, 1983)
Culture Report: Begonia Megawatt Series (Bart Sneek, GPN, June, 2017).
Recycling the Rex Begonia (Schoellhorn, GPN, Nov., 2002).
Bidens:
Growing tips for Bidens from a plant expert (Mike Fernandez, Greenhouse Grower, January, 2018))
Calibrachoa:
Calibrachoa finished production tips (Trellinger, 2012)
Calibrachoa propagation tips (Trellinger, 2012)
Producing vegetative petunia and calibracoa (Dole et al., 2002)
Growing calibrachoa successfully (Schoellhorn, 2013)
Secrets to success with calibrachoa (Reiner, 2010)
Superbells calibrachoa
Sustainable production of marigold and calibrachoa with organic fertilizers (Eaton et al., 2013)
Kabloom calibrachoa (Ball Horticultural)
Calibracoa production guide (Adam, 2017)
Caladium:
Caladium Production (Erwin, 1991).
Greenhouse production on caladiums (Kessler, 2004)
Commercial pot culture - your recipe for success (Classic Caladiums)
A case for caladiums (Deng, 2010)
Perennial solutions: Caladium 'Peppermint' (Pilon, 2012)
Celosia:
Culture Report: Celosia 'Dragon's Breath Red' (Ken Harr, GPN, April, 2017).
Celosia 'Intenz'.
Chrysanthemums (Garden):
Day neutral chrysanthemums (1990)
Garden mum production (Erwin, 2002).
Guide to successful outdoor garden mum production (Whipker and Cloyd)
To pinch or not to pinch (Heins)
Using controlled release fertilizers to produce garden mums (Catlin and Mattson, 2014)
Garden mum culture guide (Ball Horticultural)
Fall garden mum production in Alabama (Kessler, 1998)
Garden mum production from rooted cuttings (Griffin, 2015)
Using Florel in Belgian Mum Production (Chodyla, 2010)
Garden Mum propagation (Yoder Bros.)
Clematis:
Factors affecting Clematis rooting (Erwin and Schwarze, 1992).
Coleus:
Next generation coleus offers production advantages (Schoellhorn, 2013)
Craspedia:
Photoperiod and gibberellin acid modify growth and flowering of Craspedia globosa (Annis et al., 1992).
Dahlia:
Efficacy of A-Rest, Bonzi, and Sumac on growth of tuberous rooted dahlias (Whipker)
Dahlia Lubega Power Series (Jennifer Calhoun, GPN December, 2017).
Dianthus:
Culture Report: Dianthus American Pie Series (Chris Berg and Robert Beat, GPN, January, 2018).
Fuchsia:
Fuchsia Production (Erwin, 1990).
Temperature and photoperiod effects on Fuchsia x hybrida morphology (Erwin, Heins and Moe. 1991).
Gardenia:
Ameliorative effects of melatonin on dark-induced leaf senescence in gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis): leaf morphology, anatomy, physiology and transcriptome. (Zhao et al., 2017).
Gaura:
Potted plant production of Gaura lindheimeri (Anderson and Peters, 2002).
The search for wild Gaura, Part II (Pietsch, 2004)
Geranium (Ivy):
Ivy geranium production (Erwin, 1998).
A "Focus" on Ivy Geranium (Hall, 2015)
Colorcade & Guillou Ivy Geranium - Pelargonium pefltatum.
GrowerFacts: Geranium Ivy Focus (Pelargonium x pefltatum) (Ball FloraPlant).
Geranium - Vegetative geranium basket production tips (Trellinger).
Crop culture report: Geranium Calliope series (Lang, 2012).
Response of Zonal and Ivy geraniums to root media pH. (Andrews and Hammer, 2006).
Geranium nutrient deficiencies: A visual primer for grower diagnosis & correction (Frantz and Pitchay, 2006).
Geranium (Regal, Martha Washington):
Cool temperatures are still critical on Regal geraniums (Erwin, 1991).
Geranium (Zonal):
The effect of day and night temperature on zonal geranium flower development (Erwin, 1991).
The effects of day and night temperature on zonal geranium flower and peduncle dry weight (Erwin and Schwarze, 1991).
Environmental effects on geranium development (Erwin and Heins, 1992).
Whats new in geranium production? (Erwin, 2003).
Southern wilt of geranium (Beckerman, 2003).
Factors affecting media pH and nutrient uptake in geraniums (Raymond, 2004)
Environmental effects on geranium development (Erwin and Heins, 1992).
Geranium nutrient deficiencies: A visual primer for grower diagnosis & correction (Frantz, Locke and Pitchay, 2006)
Callused geranium cuttings: Tips for successful rooting (Blanchard, 2012)
Response of Zonal and Ivy geraniums to root media pH. (Andrews and Hammer, 2006).
Culture Report: Geranium 'Cassiopeia' (Melanie Byrne, GPN, January, 2017).
Geranium - Vegetative geranium propagation (Trellinger).
Grasses:
Ornamental grasses: Not all grasses are created equal (Pilon, 2012)
Hibiscus:
Growing hibiscus as a pot pot (Wikesjo. 1983).
Temperature controlled leaf unfolding rate in hibiscus (Karlsson, Heins and Hackman).
Temperature driven leaf unfolding rate in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Karlsson, Heins, Gerberick and Hackmann. 1991).
Production tips for top performers: Hibiscus moscheutos (Whitman and Padhye, 2009).
Impatiens:
SunPatiens (Sakata).
Ipomea (Sweet Potato Vine)
Culture report: Ipomea SolarPower series (Carlsson, 2016).
Producing ornamental sweet potato vine commercially (Carey, Whipker and Buhler, 2007).
Lantana:
Lantana production tips (Trellinger, 2012)
Lantana finished production tips (Trellinger, 2012)
Lantana propagation tips (Trellinger, 2012)
Lavender:
Culture Report: Lavender 'Phenomenal' (Lloyd Traven, GPN, April, 2018).
Culture Report: Lavandula stoechas LaVela Series (Gary Vollmer, GPN, March, 2017).
Liriope:
A horticultural study of Liriope and Ophiopogon: nomenclature, morphology, and culture (Broussard, 2007. PhD Thesis, Louisiana State University).
Species of Liriope cultivated in the Southeastern United States. (Fantz, 2008. HortTech., 18(3):343-348).
Liriope culture in Georgia. (Midcap and Clay, 2009. Georgia Ext Bull #755).
Overview of Liriope and Ophiopogon (Ruscaceae) naturalized and commonly cultivated in teh USA. (Nesom, 2010. Phytoneuron, 56:1-31).
Lily-turf: Liriope mascara. (Popenoe, 2008. IFAS extension bulletin).
Liriope 'Purple Explosion': Cultural information.
Lobelia:
Lobelia: Finished production tips (Lang, 2012)
Lobularia:
Greenhouse growing recommendations for Lobularia (Zaks, Greenhouse Grower, August, 2015)
Miscanthus:
Culture Report: Miscanthus 'Fire Dragon' (Josiah Raymer, GPN, March 2018).
New Guinea Impatiens:
New Guinea impatiens production (Erwin, Ascerno, Pfleger and Heins. 1992).
New Guinea impatiens: Flowers on time (Whitman, Tschirhart, Joeright and Heins. 2000).
How to store New Guinea impatiens liners (Heins and Wallace. 1993).
A review of the literature on New Guinea impatiens (Quene and Strefeler, 1992).
Factors affecting New Guinea impatiens flowering (Erwin, 1999).
Commercial New Guinea impatiens production (Bailey, 1999)
Low pH Issues on New Guinea impatiens (Jeremy Jubenville, Michigan State University Extension, January, 2018).
Osteospermum:
Success with vegetative osteospermum (Gibson and Whipker)
Genesis: Direct-stick osteospermum cuttings (BallFloraPlant).
Otomeria:
Tips for growing Otomeria O' Premiera (Chanochi Zaks, Greenhouse grower, 2018).
Pericallis:
Culture Report: Pericallis Senetti Series (Jessica Feuerbach, GPN October 2017).
Penstemon:
The possibilities of Penstemon (Long, GPN, Feb, 2006).
Petunias:
Successfully propagating yellow petunias (Fatten, Currey and Lopez, 2013)
Producing vegetative petunia and calibracoa (Dole et al., 2002)
Surfinia Petunias:Production secrets (Laura Drotleff, Greenhouse Grower, October, 2012).
Portulaca:
Culture Report: Portulaca Pazzaz Nano Series (Mike Fernandez, GPN, February, 2018).
Culture Report: Portulaca Colorblast Series (Dominik Neisser, GPN, November, 2016).
Salvia:
Culture Report: Salvia 'Magic Wand' (Mike Fernandez, December, 2016).
Cutting Handling:
Post-Harvest conditions for rooting cuttings (Williams, Fisher, Han, 2006)
Influence of the post harvest environment on teh storage potential and propagation performance of unrooted cuttings or herbaceous ornamentals (Enfield, 2011).
Sanitation:
Biosafe Greenhouse and Nursery cleaning and sanitation
Biosafe PPM cheat sheet.
Cutting Dips:
How to start with a clean crop: Biopesticide dips reduce populations of BEmesia tabac (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on greenhouse poinsettia propagative cuttings (Buitenhuis et al., 2016).
Dipping cuttings to start clean (Buitenhuis et al., Vineland Research Report).
General Production:
Floriculture production guide (British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, 2009)
Cutting production and propagation: is there room for improvement? (Lopez, Runkle, Faust and Dole, 2007).
Temperature:
Temperature effects on bedding plant growth (Erwin and Heins, 1993).
The pros and cons of growing plants cooler (Warner, Erwin, McDonough and Mattson, 2002).
Chilling injury on cuttings: What to look for (Dudek, 2014)
Nutrition:
Fertilization strategies for bedding plants (Biernbaum, Carlson and Heins. 1988).
Bedding plant nutrition (Erwin, 1993).
Optimal pH requirements of different species (Erwin, 2002).
Plant Growth Regulators:
Growth retardant rates for bedding plant production in northern climates (Erwin, 2003).
PGR rates and timing for plug production (Whitman and Runkle, 2003).
Getting results with liner dips (Blanchard, Lopez and Runkle, 2008).
ABCs of PGRs (Runkle, 2008).
Comparing PGRs (Lopez, Blanchard and Runkle, 2008).
Sumagic on vegetable transplants (Runkle, 2012).
Proven PGRs - PGRs for Proven Winner plants (Gao, Wang, Heins, Cameron and Carlson. 2000)
Rooting:
Propagating and finishing seven common vegetative annuals (Lang).
Rooting Hormone:
PGRs: Control your quality (Heins and Pilon, 2014. GrowerTalks
Avoid cutting losses by prioritizing sticking. (Lopez, 2018. E-Gro Alert, 7(12)).
Moisture Management:
Moisture management during vegetative cutting propagation (Owen, MSU Extension, 2018)
Direct Stick:
Callused geranium cuttings: Tips for successful rooting (Mathew Blanchard, Greenhouse Grower, September, 2012).
Garden Mum propagation (Yoder Bros.)
Cutting Time = A quicker turnaround (Trellinger, 2018)
Genesis: Direct-stick osteospermum cuttings (BallFloraPlant).
Simplify production with cutting time TM callused cuttings (Syngenta).
Space and time efficacy of different cutting types and transplanting strategies (Vallejo et al., 2017).
Economics of direct transplant versus liners, and unrooted versus callused cuttings (Vallejo et al., 2017).
Flowering
Master Fowering Info Table (Erwin, 2016)
Fundamentals of flowering in plants: Supplemental lighting and earliness of flowering (Erwin, Mattson and Warner, 2003).
Fundamentals of flowering in plants: Juvenility in seed-propagated annuals and how supplemental lighting can affect it. (Erwin, Mattson and Warner, 2003).
Daylength effects on bedding plants I (Erwin, Warner and Mattson, 2004)
Saturating DLIs for flowering (Runkle and Blanchard, 2011).
Daily light integral & flowering of annuals (Blanchard and Runkle, 2010).
Cyclic long-day lighting (Runkle, 2007).
Boom Lighting (Runkle and Heins, 2015).
Managing photoperiod in the greenhouse (Currey, Lopez, Runkle, 2013).
Efficacy of lamp types at controlling flowering (Runkle, 2016).
Lighting:
Managing light during propagation (Lopez and Runkle, 2005).
Replacing INC with LEDs (Runkle, 2014).
Boom Lighting (Runkle and Heins, 2015).
Efficacy of lamp types at controlling flowering (Runkle, 2016).
Influence of photoperiod and light quality on lateral branching and flowering of selected vegetatively-propagated plants (Healy, Heins and Wilkins. 1980).
Propagation with LED lighting (Kuack, 2013)
Lighting young plants indoors (Runkle et al., 2019).
Hanging Basket Production
Hanging basket production in northern climates (Erwin, 1994).
General Plant Growth Regulators
Plant growth regulators greenhouse production pocket reference (Camberato et al., Purdue Ext. HO-248-B-W).
Florel:
Temperature and ethephon affect growth and development of several vegetative bedding plants (Beckwith, Heins, Runkle. 2003).
Configure:
Improving branching and postharvest quality (Padhye, Runkle, Olrich and Reinhold (2008).
Disease Management:
BioSafe ppm Cheat Sheet.
Liner fungicide rotation guide (PW, Four Star Greenhouse).
SPECIFIC CROPS
Alyssum:
Growing tips: Snow Princess alyssum (Whipker, McCall)
Alternanthera:
Alternanthera 'Purple Prince' (Pan American)
Angelonia:
Temperature, Irradiance, Photoperiod, and growth retardants influence greenhouse production of Angelonia angustifoilia Benth. Angel Mist Series (Miller and Armitage, 2002. Hortscience, 37(2):319-321)
Aster:
Guide to successful outdoor garden aster production (Whipker and Eddy)
Aster cultural guide (Syngenta)
Aster cultural information (Yoder)
Comparative study of cultivated asters (Hawke, 2013)
Aster dumosus 'Sapphire' (Pilon, 2005)
Begonia:
Flowering control for non-stop tuberous begonias (Fonteno and Larson, 1983)
Culture Report: Begonia Megawatt Series (Bart Sneek, GPN, June, 2017).
Recycling the Rex Begonia (Schoellhorn, GPN, Nov., 2002).
Bidens:
Growing tips for Bidens from a plant expert (Mike Fernandez, Greenhouse Grower, January, 2018))
Calibrachoa:
Calibrachoa finished production tips (Trellinger, 2012)
Calibrachoa propagation tips (Trellinger, 2012)
Producing vegetative petunia and calibracoa (Dole et al., 2002)
Growing calibrachoa successfully (Schoellhorn, 2013)
Secrets to success with calibrachoa (Reiner, 2010)
Superbells calibrachoa
Sustainable production of marigold and calibrachoa with organic fertilizers (Eaton et al., 2013)
Kabloom calibrachoa (Ball Horticultural)
Calibracoa production guide (Adam, 2017)
Caladium:
Caladium Production (Erwin, 1991).
Greenhouse production on caladiums (Kessler, 2004)
Commercial pot culture - your recipe for success (Classic Caladiums)
A case for caladiums (Deng, 2010)
Perennial solutions: Caladium 'Peppermint' (Pilon, 2012)
Celosia:
Culture Report: Celosia 'Dragon's Breath Red' (Ken Harr, GPN, April, 2017).
Celosia 'Intenz'.
Chrysanthemums (Garden):
Day neutral chrysanthemums (1990)
Garden mum production (Erwin, 2002).
Guide to successful outdoor garden mum production (Whipker and Cloyd)
To pinch or not to pinch (Heins)
Using controlled release fertilizers to produce garden mums (Catlin and Mattson, 2014)
Garden mum culture guide (Ball Horticultural)
Fall garden mum production in Alabama (Kessler, 1998)
Garden mum production from rooted cuttings (Griffin, 2015)
Using Florel in Belgian Mum Production (Chodyla, 2010)
Garden Mum propagation (Yoder Bros.)
Clematis:
Factors affecting Clematis rooting (Erwin and Schwarze, 1992).
Coleus:
Next generation coleus offers production advantages (Schoellhorn, 2013)
Craspedia:
Photoperiod and gibberellin acid modify growth and flowering of Craspedia globosa (Annis et al., 1992).
Dahlia:
Efficacy of A-Rest, Bonzi, and Sumac on growth of tuberous rooted dahlias (Whipker)
Dahlia Lubega Power Series (Jennifer Calhoun, GPN December, 2017).
Dianthus:
Culture Report: Dianthus American Pie Series (Chris Berg and Robert Beat, GPN, January, 2018).
Fuchsia:
Fuchsia Production (Erwin, 1990).
Temperature and photoperiod effects on Fuchsia x hybrida morphology (Erwin, Heins and Moe. 1991).
Gardenia:
Ameliorative effects of melatonin on dark-induced leaf senescence in gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis): leaf morphology, anatomy, physiology and transcriptome. (Zhao et al., 2017).
Gaura:
Potted plant production of Gaura lindheimeri (Anderson and Peters, 2002).
The search for wild Gaura, Part II (Pietsch, 2004)
Geranium (Ivy):
Ivy geranium production (Erwin, 1998).
A "Focus" on Ivy Geranium (Hall, 2015)
Colorcade & Guillou Ivy Geranium - Pelargonium pefltatum.
GrowerFacts: Geranium Ivy Focus (Pelargonium x pefltatum) (Ball FloraPlant).
Geranium - Vegetative geranium basket production tips (Trellinger).
Crop culture report: Geranium Calliope series (Lang, 2012).
Response of Zonal and Ivy geraniums to root media pH. (Andrews and Hammer, 2006).
Geranium nutrient deficiencies: A visual primer for grower diagnosis & correction (Frantz and Pitchay, 2006).
Geranium (Regal, Martha Washington):
Cool temperatures are still critical on Regal geraniums (Erwin, 1991).
Geranium (Zonal):
The effect of day and night temperature on zonal geranium flower development (Erwin, 1991).
The effects of day and night temperature on zonal geranium flower and peduncle dry weight (Erwin and Schwarze, 1991).
Environmental effects on geranium development (Erwin and Heins, 1992).
Whats new in geranium production? (Erwin, 2003).
Southern wilt of geranium (Beckerman, 2003).
Factors affecting media pH and nutrient uptake in geraniums (Raymond, 2004)
Environmental effects on geranium development (Erwin and Heins, 1992).
Geranium nutrient deficiencies: A visual primer for grower diagnosis & correction (Frantz, Locke and Pitchay, 2006)
Callused geranium cuttings: Tips for successful rooting (Blanchard, 2012)
Response of Zonal and Ivy geraniums to root media pH. (Andrews and Hammer, 2006).
Culture Report: Geranium 'Cassiopeia' (Melanie Byrne, GPN, January, 2017).
Geranium - Vegetative geranium propagation (Trellinger).
Grasses:
Ornamental grasses: Not all grasses are created equal (Pilon, 2012)
Hibiscus:
Growing hibiscus as a pot pot (Wikesjo. 1983).
Temperature controlled leaf unfolding rate in hibiscus (Karlsson, Heins and Hackman).
Temperature driven leaf unfolding rate in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Karlsson, Heins, Gerberick and Hackmann. 1991).
Production tips for top performers: Hibiscus moscheutos (Whitman and Padhye, 2009).
Impatiens:
SunPatiens (Sakata).
Ipomea (Sweet Potato Vine)
Culture report: Ipomea SolarPower series (Carlsson, 2016).
Producing ornamental sweet potato vine commercially (Carey, Whipker and Buhler, 2007).
Lantana:
Lantana production tips (Trellinger, 2012)
Lantana finished production tips (Trellinger, 2012)
Lantana propagation tips (Trellinger, 2012)
Lavender:
Culture Report: Lavender 'Phenomenal' (Lloyd Traven, GPN, April, 2018).
Culture Report: Lavandula stoechas LaVela Series (Gary Vollmer, GPN, March, 2017).
Liriope:
A horticultural study of Liriope and Ophiopogon: nomenclature, morphology, and culture (Broussard, 2007. PhD Thesis, Louisiana State University).
Species of Liriope cultivated in the Southeastern United States. (Fantz, 2008. HortTech., 18(3):343-348).
Liriope culture in Georgia. (Midcap and Clay, 2009. Georgia Ext Bull #755).
Overview of Liriope and Ophiopogon (Ruscaceae) naturalized and commonly cultivated in teh USA. (Nesom, 2010. Phytoneuron, 56:1-31).
Lily-turf: Liriope mascara. (Popenoe, 2008. IFAS extension bulletin).
Liriope 'Purple Explosion': Cultural information.
Lobelia:
Lobelia: Finished production tips (Lang, 2012)
Lobularia:
Greenhouse growing recommendations for Lobularia (Zaks, Greenhouse Grower, August, 2015)
Miscanthus:
Culture Report: Miscanthus 'Fire Dragon' (Josiah Raymer, GPN, March 2018).
New Guinea Impatiens:
New Guinea impatiens production (Erwin, Ascerno, Pfleger and Heins. 1992).
New Guinea impatiens: Flowers on time (Whitman, Tschirhart, Joeright and Heins. 2000).
How to store New Guinea impatiens liners (Heins and Wallace. 1993).
A review of the literature on New Guinea impatiens (Quene and Strefeler, 1992).
Factors affecting New Guinea impatiens flowering (Erwin, 1999).
Commercial New Guinea impatiens production (Bailey, 1999)
Low pH Issues on New Guinea impatiens (Jeremy Jubenville, Michigan State University Extension, January, 2018).
Osteospermum:
Success with vegetative osteospermum (Gibson and Whipker)
Genesis: Direct-stick osteospermum cuttings (BallFloraPlant).
Otomeria:
Tips for growing Otomeria O' Premiera (Chanochi Zaks, Greenhouse grower, 2018).
Pericallis:
Culture Report: Pericallis Senetti Series (Jessica Feuerbach, GPN October 2017).
Penstemon:
The possibilities of Penstemon (Long, GPN, Feb, 2006).
Petunias:
Successfully propagating yellow petunias (Fatten, Currey and Lopez, 2013)
Producing vegetative petunia and calibracoa (Dole et al., 2002)
Surfinia Petunias:Production secrets (Laura Drotleff, Greenhouse Grower, October, 2012).
Portulaca:
Culture Report: Portulaca Pazzaz Nano Series (Mike Fernandez, GPN, February, 2018).
Culture Report: Portulaca Colorblast Series (Dominik Neisser, GPN, November, 2016).
Salvia:
Culture Report: Salvia 'Magic Wand' (Mike Fernandez, December, 2016).
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